Which document requires considering the Protection of Civilians?

The correct answer is found in International Humanitarian Law (IHL), which specifically encompasses rules and principles that protect individuals who are not participating in hostilities, including civilians. IHL is designed to limit the effects of armed conflict for humanitarian reasons and mandates that parties to a conflict must take constant care to spare civilians from the dangers of military operations. This means that when planning and conducting military operations, consideration for the protection of civilians is a core principle embedded within these legal frameworks.

Documents like the United Nations Charter emphasize the maintenance of international peace and security but do not explicitly delve into the protections afforded to civilians during conflict situations with the same level of detail as IHL. Joint Publication 1-04 and the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) also relate to military operations and conduct during conflicts but might not focus solely on civilian protection in the integrated manner that IHL does.

In summary, IHL stands out as the document that directly requires consideration of civilian protection, underscoring the legal obligation to avoid harm to non-combatants and to ensure their safety amidst conflict.