Which of the following often occurs as part of a systematic campaign to target a victim group?

The phenomenon described in the question pertains specifically to a deliberate and systematic campaign to target a victim group, which is commonly manifested through conflict-related sexual violence. This type of violence is used strategically during armed conflict or war to foster terror, exert control, and demean the opponents' social structures. It is often employed as a tactic to destabilize communities and demonstrate power over adversaries, thereby serving both military and political objectives.

In contrast, the other options do not inherently involve targeting a specific victim group through systematic campaigns. Supply chain disruptions typically relate to economic factors rather than direct attacks on civilian populations. International sanctions are tools used in foreign policy and international relations aimed at influencing state behavior but do not involve direct targeting of specific groups in a systematic manner. Similarly, diplomatic negotiations are processes aimed at resolving conflicts or disagreements without resorting to violence, and thus they do not involve direct targeting of victims in the way conflict-related sexual violence does. Therefore, the choice related to conflict-related sexual violence aligns precisely with the concept of systematic targeting of a specific group.