Who has the primary responsibility for many PoC-related functions in various circumstances?

The primary responsibility for many Protection of Civilians (PoC)-related functions in various circumstances lies with host state police forces. This responsibility is grounded in international law and practice, which emphasizes that the state has the fundamental duty to protect its citizens and maintain public order. Host state police forces are integral to implementing law and order within their jurisdictions and are typically tasked with ensuring the safety and security of the civilian population.

In situations where armed conflict or other forms of violence occur, host state police can and are expected to play a significant role in addressing immediate threats to civilian safety, investigating crimes, and protecting vulnerable groups. They have the local knowledge and legal authority to act in the best interest of the population.

While international organizations, military forces, and NGOs also contribute significantly to PoC efforts, their roles are often supplementary or supportive. International organizations may provide resources and frameworks for protection, military forces often focus on security and stabilization operations, and NGOs play vital roles in advocacy and direct assistance but lack the enforcement and legal authority held by police. Thus, the police forces of the host state remain central to the responsibility of protecting civilians in the context of PoC.